p38 MAP kinase is the mammalian homologue of the yeast HOG kinase and participates in a
cascade controlling cellular responses to cytokines and stress. Like the SAPK/JNK pathway,
p38 MAP kinase is activated by a variety of cellular stresses including inflammatory cytokines,
UV light and growth factors, etc. Activated p38 MAP kinase has been shown to phosphorylate
and activate MAPKAP kinase-2 and to phosphorylate the transcription factors ATF-2 and Max.