BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) belong to the TGF-βsuperfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. As implied by their name, BMPs promote and regulate bone development, growth, remodeling and repair, in both prenatal development and postnatal growth of eye, heart, kidney, skin, and other tissues. Active human BMP-5 is a 31 kDa homodimeric protein consisting of two 134 amino acid polypeptide chains.