Triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxyde, a purified component of a traditional Chinese medicine, inhibits transcriptional activation of NF- κB and downregulates the expression of various NF- κB-regulated genes. Displays Immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity. A combination of TRAIL and triptolide enhance apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.