An anti-arthritic drug that inhibits various leukocyte activation pathways at multiple sites. Inhibits release of inflammatory mediators from human basophils, pulmonary mast cells and macrophages. Also inhibits human neutrophil 5-lipoxygenase. Inhibits IκB kinase (IKK) by modifying Cys179 of the IKKß subunit. Efficient inducer of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition via the inhibition of mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).