High affinity benzodiazepine ligand. Ki values are 3.1 and 5.3 nM for diazepam-insensitive (DI) and diazepam-sensitive (DS) benzodiazepine receptors respectively. Acts as partial inverse agonist at recombinant DS α1-, α2-, α3- and α5-GABAA receptors. Displays partial agonism at DI α4- and α6-GABAA receptors. Antagonizes several behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethanol. Proconvulsant and anxiogenic.