Antidepressant agent; potent 5-HT2, 5-HT3 and histamine H1 receptor antagonist and moderately potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.05, ~ 8.1, 9.3 and 6.95 respectively). Enhances noradrenalin (NA) release in rat brain via inhibition of α2-adrenergic autoreceptors and displays only weak affinity for monoamine transporters (pKi values are 5.6, < 5 and < 5.1 for inhibition of NA, dopamine and 5-HT uptake respectively). Increases hippocampal NA and 5-HT levels in rats following systemic administration in vivo.